The principle of reverse osmosis (RO) involves the flow of water containing ions through a semi-permeable membrane using pressure as a driving force to significantly reduce the ion concentration as well as other undesirable materials.
The system array, membrane configuration, and membrane composition and operation are described.
Materials removed from the incoming water stream are described.
All RO membranes will exhibit microbial fouling, organic and colloidal fouling, and scaling.
RO membrane cleaning should be performed periodically to remove bacteria, membrane foulants, membrane scalants,...
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